---
type: "thread"
name: "1\"-12 UNF"
designation: "1-12 UNF"
series: "unf"
series_name: "Unified Fine (UNF)"
system: "unified"
size_label: "1"
tpi: 12
pitch_in: 0.083333
pitch_mm: 2.1167
basic_major_dia_in: 1
basic_major_dia_mm: 25.4
basic_pitch_dia_in: 0.9459
basic_pitch_dia_mm: 24.0259
basic_minor_dia_in: 0.9098
basic_minor_dia_mm: 23.1089
tap_drill: "59/64"
tap_drill_dia_in: 0.921875
tap_drill_dia_mm: 23.4156
tap_drill_thread_pct: 72.2
clearance_normal_drill: "1"
tensile_stress_area_sqin: 0.663042
tensile_stress_area_sqmm: 427.768
internal_class_assumed: "2B"
standard: "ASME B1.1 (reference values based on the ASME B1.1 system; not a compliance claim)"
verified: "August 1, 2026"
url: https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-12
---

# 1"-12 UNF Thread — Dimensions, Tap Drill & Clearance

The tap drill for 1"-12 UNF is 59/64 — 0.9219 in (23.416 mm) — which leaves 72.2% thread engagement with a cut tap. Basic pitch diameter is 0.9459 in (24.026 mm) and basic minor diameter is 0.9098 in (23.109 mm). Tapped-hole figures on this page assume a class 2B thread; drill sizes for 50–85% engagement are in the tap drill table below.

- **Series**: Unified Fine (UNF)
- **Designation**: 1-12 UNF
- **Threads per inch**: 12
- **Tap drill**: 59/64
- **Standard**: ASME B1.1 (reference values based on the ASME B1.1 system; not a compliance claim)

## Basic Thread Dimensions for 1"-12 UNF

| Property | Inch | Millimetre |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Basic major diameter | 1.0000 | 25.400 |
| Threads per inch | 12 | — |
| Pitch | 0.0833 | 2.117 |
| Basic pitch diameter | 0.9459 | 24.026 |
| Basic minor diameter | 0.9098 | 23.109 |
| External thread root diameter | 0.9008 | 22.880 |
| Sharp V thread height (H) | 0.0722 | 1.834 |

_Basic dimensions are the theoretical values before any tolerance class is applied._

## Tap Drill Sizes for 1"-12 UNF

Cut taps, from 50% to 85% thread engagement. The shop default is 75% — a 59/64 drill.

| Thread % | Target hole Ø (in) | Target hole Ø (mm) | Drill | Drill Ø (in) | Drill Ø (mm) | Actual thread % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 50% | 0.9459 | 24.026 | 61/64 | 0.9531 | 24.209 | 43.3 |
| 60% | 0.9350 | 23.749 | 15/16 | 0.9375 | 23.813 | 57.7 |
| 65% | 0.9296 | 23.612 | 59/64 | 0.9219 | 23.416 | 72.2 |
| 70% | 0.9242 | 23.475 | 59/64 | 0.9219 | 23.416 | 72.2 |
| 75% (default) | 0.9188 | 23.337 | 59/64 | 0.9219 | 23.416 | 72.2 |
| 80% | 0.9134 | 23.200 | 29/32 | 0.9063 | 23.019 | 86.6 |
| 85% | 0.9080 | 23.063 | 29/32 | 0.9063 | 23.019 | 86.6 |

_Target hole Ø is the theoretical hole for the stated engagement. The drill column is the nearest size in the standard number/letter/fractional/metric index, and actual thread % is what that real drill produces._

## Clearance Hole Sizes for 1"-12 UNF

The through-hole a 1"-12 UNF fastener passes freely, not the tapped hole.

| Fit | Drill | Hole Ø (in) | Hole Ø (mm) | Use |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Close | 1 | 1.0315 | 26.200 | Located joints, dowelled assemblies |
| Normal | 1 | 1.0945 | 27.800 | General assembly — the default |
| Loose | 1 | 1.1575 | 29.401 | Slotted or adjustable joints, weldments |

_Clearance holes per ISO 273 (metric) and ASME B18.2.8 (inch)._

## Thread Class Limits for 1"-12 UNF

Manufacturing limits for classes 2B, 3B, 2A, 3A. A gauge reading outside these bands is a reject, not a judgement call.

### External thread (bolt / screw) limits

| Limit | Class 2A (in) | Class 2A (mm) | Class 3A (in) | Class 3A (mm) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Major Ø max | 0.9982 | 25.354 | 1.0000 | 25.400 |
| Major Ø min | 0.9868 | 25.065 | 0.9886 | 25.110 |
| Pitch Ø max | 0.9441 | 23.980 | 0.9459 | 24.026 |
| Pitch Ø min | 0.9383 | 23.833 | 0.9415 | 23.914 |
| Pitch Ø tolerance | 0.0059 | 0.150 | 0.0044 | 0.112 |
| Minor Ø max | 0.8900 | 22.606 | 0.8917 | 22.649 |
| Minor Ø min | 0.8841 | 22.456 | 0.8874 | 22.540 |
| Allowance | 0.0018 | 0.046 | 0.0000 | 0.000 |

### Internal thread (nut / tapped hole) limits

| Limit | Class 2B (in) | Class 2B (mm) | Class 3B (in) | Class 3B (mm) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Major Ø max | 1.0196 | 25.898 | 1.0177 | 25.850 |
| Major Ø min | 1.0000 | 25.400 | 1.0000 | 25.400 |
| Pitch Ø max | 0.9535 | 24.219 | 0.9516 | 24.171 |
| Pitch Ø min | 0.9459 | 24.026 | 0.9459 | 24.026 |
| Pitch Ø tolerance | 0.0076 | 0.193 | 0.0057 | 0.145 |
| Minor Ø max | 0.9278 | 23.566 | 0.9198 | 23.363 |
| Minor Ø min | 0.9098 | 23.109 | 0.9098 | 23.109 |
| Allowance | 0.0000 | 0.000 | 0.0000 | 0.000 |

## Tensile Stress Area of 1"-12 UNF

| Property | in² | mm² |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tensile stress area | 0.66304 | 427.77 |

The effective cross-section used to size a 1"-12 UNF fastener against a load. Multiply it by the material's allowable stress — the area itself carries no strength assumption.

## Other Thread Pitches in the Same Size as 1"-12 UNF

A 1 fastener is not always 1"-12 UNF. These are the other standard pitches cut on the same nominal size.

| Thread | Series | Pitch | Tap drill |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [1"-20 UNEF](https://shopmath.org/threads/unef/1-20.md) | Unified Extra Fine (UNEF) | 20 TPI | 61/64 |
| [1"-8 UNC](https://shopmath.org/threads/unc/1-8.md) | Unified Coarse (UNC) | 8 TPI | 7/8 |

## Sources and Method for 1"-12 UNF

### Basic dimensions

- **Source**: NBS Handbook H28 (1969) Part I §§6-7 (public domain, 17 U.S.C. 105); normative modern reference ASME B1.1; series membership: Series membership: threadlib UIS_thread.csv (BSD-3-Clause); cross-checked against NBS H28 (1969) Part I Table 2.21; clearance holes: ISO 273 (metric) and ASME B18.2.8 (inch) via FreeCAD FeatureHole.cpp (LGPL-2.1+), cross-checked against bd_warehouse clearance_hole_sizes.csv (Apache-2.0)
- **Method**: computed
- **Verified against**: NBS H28 (1969) Part I, Table 2.21 (public domain); cross-checked against FreeCAD CAM thread tables (LGPL-2.1+) — 1064 checks passed at 0.0001 in

### Tap drill sizes

- **Source**: Machinery's Handbook %-thread formula (geometry-derived); nearest-standard-drill-to-75% rule verified at 36/39 published chart rows in docs/research/data-sourcing.md §3.4
- **Method**: computed
- **Verified against**: Wikipedia Unified Thread Standard, preferred cutting tap drill size columns (CC BY-SA 4.0) — 36/39 published UNC+UNF rows reproduced

### Class limits

- **Source**: NBS Handbook H28 (1969) Part I §§6-7 (public domain, 17 U.S.C. 105); normative modern reference ASME B1.1
- **Method**: computed
- **Verified against**: NBS H28 (1969) Part I, Table 2.21 (public domain); cross-checked against FreeCAD CAM thread tables (LGPL-2.1+) — 1064 checks passed at 0.0001 in

### Formulas

**Tap drill hole diameter, inch threads**

```text
hole Ø  =  D − (%thread ÷ 100) × (1.29904 ÷ n)

  D = basic major diameter (in)
  n = threads per inch
```

_1.29904 = 2 × 0.64952, twice the engaged thread height per side on the 60° Unified profile._

**Actual thread engagement of the chosen drill**

```text
%thread  =  (D − drill Ø) × n ÷ 1.29904 × 100
```

_The drill column rounds to a real drill; this is the engagement that drill actually leaves._

**Tensile stress area, Unified inch threads**

```text
At  =  0.7854 × (D − 0.9743 ÷ n)²
```

_ASME B1.1 / NBS H28 form. Reproduces the stored value exactly for this thread._

### Assumptions

- The headline tap drill assumes 75% thread engagement, the general shop default. Every engagement from 50% to 85% is in the tap drill table — change the assumption and the number moves.
- Tap drill figures are for cut taps. Drill diameters are nominal; a worn or run-out drill cuts oversize and reduces engagement further.
- Tapped-hole figures assume a class 2B internal thread, the general-purpose fit.
- Dataset scope: Le = 1D for UNC/UNF, 9P for UNEF — determined empirically against H28 Table 2.21, resolving data-sourcing.md open item 5. EXCLUDED: form (roll) tap drills, class 1A/1B limits, class 1AR allowances, constant-pitch UN series.

**Data last verified**: August 1, 2026

## Common Questions About 1"-12 UNF

### What is the tap drill size for 1"-12 UNF?

The tap drill for 1"-12 UNF is 59/64 — 0.9219 in (23.416 mm). That leaves 72.2% thread engagement with a cut tap.

### What is the pitch diameter of 1"-12 UNF?

The basic pitch diameter of 1"-12 UNF is 0.9459 in (24.026 mm). For a class 2B thread it runs 0.9459 in (24.026 mm) to 0.9535 in (24.219 mm).

### What is the minor diameter of 1"-12 UNF?

The basic minor diameter of 1"-12 UNF is 0.9098 in (23.109 mm). That is the theoretical root of the internal thread, not the drilled hole size — see the tap drill table for the hole to drill.

### What is the thread pitch of 1"-12 UNF?

1"-12 UNF has 12 threads per inch, a pitch of 0.0833 in (2.117 mm).

### What size clearance hole does a 1"-12 UNF fastener need?

close fit 1 (1.0315 in (26.200 mm)), normal fit 1 (1.0945 in (27.800 mm)), loose fit 1 (1.1575 in (29.401 mm)). The normal fit is the general-assembly default.

### What is the tensile stress area of 1"-12 UNF?

The tensile stress area of 1"-12 UNF is 0.66304 in² (427.77 mm²). Multiply it by the fastener material's allowable stress to get a load.

## Related pages

- Smaller in Unified Fine (UNF): [7/8"-14 UNF](https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/7-8-14.md) — tap drill 13/16
- Larger in Unified Fine (UNF): [1 1/8"-12 UNF](https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-1-8-12.md) — tap drill 1
- All Unified Fine (UNF) sizes: [Unified Fine (UNF) thread chart](https://shopmath.org/threads/unf.md)
- Every thread series: [Screw thread reference](https://shopmath.org/threads.md)
- Cross-series chart: [Tap drill chart](https://shopmath.org/charts/tap-drill.md)

---

*Source: [ShopMath](https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-12) — data verified August 1, 2026. Reference data; verify against the governing standard before manufacture.*