What is the tap drill size for 1"-12 UNF?

The tap drill for 1"-12 UNF is 59/64 — 0.9219 in (23.416 mm). That leaves 72.2% thread engagement with a cut tap.

What is the pitch diameter of 1"-12 UNF?

The basic pitch diameter of 1"-12 UNF is 0.9459 in (24.026 mm). For a class 2B thread it runs 0.9459 in (24.026 mm) to 0.9535 in (24.219 mm).

What is the minor diameter of 1"-12 UNF?

The basic minor diameter of 1"-12 UNF is 0.9098 in (23.109 mm). That is the theoretical root of the internal thread, not the drilled hole size — see the tap drill table for the hole to drill.

What is the thread pitch of 1"-12 UNF?

1"-12 UNF has 12 threads per inch, a pitch of 0.0833 in (2.117 mm).

What size clearance hole does a 1"-12 UNF fastener need?

close fit 1 (1.0315 in (26.200 mm)), normal fit 1 (1.0945 in (27.800 mm)), loose fit 1 (1.1575 in (29.401 mm)). The normal fit is the general-assembly default.

What is the tensile stress area of 1"-12 UNF?

The tensile stress area of 1"-12 UNF is 0.66304 in² (427.77 mm²). Multiply it by the fastener material's allowable stress to get a load.

Unified Fine (UNF) · 1-12 UNF

1"-12 UNF Thread — Dimensions, Tap Drill & Clearance

https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-12 · data verified August 1, 2026

The tap drill for 1"-12 UNF is 59/64 — 0.9219 in (23.416 mm) — which leaves 72.2% thread engagement with a cut tap. Basic pitch diameter is 0.9459 in (24.026 mm) and basic minor diameter is 0.9098 in (23.109 mm). Tapped-hole figures on this page assume a class 2B thread; drill sizes for 50–85% engagement are in the tap drill table below.

Series: Unified Fine (UNF)
Designation: 1-12 UNF
TPI: 12
Standard: ASME B1.1

Tap drill · 72.2% thread · cut tap

59/64

Drill Ø: 0.9219in
Drill Ø: 23.416mm
Clearance (normal): 1

Assumes 75% thread engagement with a cut tap and a class 2B hole. That drill actually leaves 72.2% thread.

Basic Thread Dimensions for 1"-12 UNF

Basic thread dimensions — 1"-12 UNF
Property	Inch	Millimetre
Basic major diameter	1.0000	25.400
Threads per inch	12	—
Pitch	0.0833	2.117
Basic pitch diameter	0.9459	24.026
Basic minor diameter	0.9098	23.109
External thread root diameter	0.9008	22.880
Sharp V thread height (H)	0.0722	1.834

Threads per inch has no millimetre counterpart — metric threads are specified by pitch instead. Basic dimensions are the theoretical values before any tolerance class is applied.

Tap Drill Sizes for 1"-12 UNF

Cut taps, from 50% to 85% thread engagement. The shop default is 75% — a 59/64 drill. Deeper engagement means more holding strength and more torque on the tap.

Tap drill sizes by thread engagement — 1"-12 UNF, cut tap
Property	Target hole Ø		Nearest standard drill			Property
Thread %	in	mm	Drill	in	mm	Actual thread %
50%	0.9459	24.026	61/64	0.9531	24.209	43.3
60%	0.9350	23.749	15/16	0.9375	23.813	57.7
65%	0.9296	23.612	59/64	0.9219	23.416	72.2
70%	0.9242	23.475	59/64	0.9219	23.416	72.2
75%default	0.9188	23.337	59/64	0.9219	23.416	72.2
80%	0.9134	23.200	29/32	0.9063	23.019	86.6
85%	0.9080	23.063	29/32	0.9063	23.019	86.6

Target hole Ø is the theoretical hole for the stated engagement. The drill column is the nearest size in the standard number/letter/fractional/metric index, and actual thread % is what that real drill produces — the number that matters at the machine. Values are for cut taps. Tapped-hole figures assume a class 2B hole.

Clearance Hole Sizes for 1"-12 UNF

The through-hole a 1"-12 UNF fastener passes freely, not the tapped hole.

Clearance hole sizes — 1"-12 UNF
Property	Property	Hole Ø		Property
Fit	Drill	in	mm	Use
Close	1	1.0315	26.200	Located joints, dowelled assemblies
Normal	1	1.0945	27.800	General assembly — the default
Loose	1	1.1575	29.401	Slotted or adjustable joints, weldments

Clearance holes per ISO 273 (metric) and ASME B18.2.8 (inch). The drill column is the nearest standard drill at or above the specified hole diameter.

Thread Class Limits for 1"-12 UNF

Manufacturing limits for classes 2B, 3B, 2A, 3A. A gauge reading outside these bands is a reject, not a judgement call.

External thread (bolt / screw) limits — 1"-12 UNF
Property	Class 2A		Class 3A
Limit	in	mm	in	mm
Major Ø max	0.9982	25.354	1.0000	25.400
Major Ø min	0.9868	25.065	0.9886	25.110
Pitch Ø max	0.9441	23.980	0.9459	24.026
Pitch Ø min	0.9383	23.833	0.9415	23.914
Pitch Ø tolerance	0.0059	0.150	0.0044	0.112
Minor Ø max	0.8900	22.606	0.8917	22.649
Minor Ø min	0.8841	22.456	0.8874	22.540
Allowance	0.0018	0.046	0.0000	0.000

Internal thread (nut / tapped hole) limits — 1"-12 UNF
Property	Class 2B		Class 3B
Limit	in	mm	in	mm
Major Ø max	1.0196	25.898	1.0177	25.850
Major Ø min	1.0000	25.400	1.0000	25.400
Pitch Ø max	0.9535	24.219	0.9516	24.171
Pitch Ø min	0.9459	24.026	0.9459	24.026
Pitch Ø tolerance	0.0076	0.193	0.0057	0.145
Minor Ø max	0.9278	23.566	0.9198	23.363
Minor Ø min	0.9098	23.109	0.9098	23.109
Allowance	0.0000	0.000	0.0000	0.000

Tensile Stress Area of 1"-12 UNF

The effective cross-section used to size a 1"-12 UNF fastener against a load. Multiply it by the material's allowable stress — the area itself carries no strength assumption.

Tensile stress area — 1"-12 UNF
Property	in²	mm²
Tensile stress area	0.66304	427.77

The formula this value comes from is in the sources section below.

Other Thread Pitches in the Same Size as 1"-12 UNF

A 1 fastener is not always 1"-12 UNF. These are the other standard pitches cut on the same nominal size.

Other standard pitches at nominal size 1
Thread	Series	Pitch	Tap drill
1"-20 UNEF	Unified Extra Fine (UNEF)	20 TPI	61/64
1"-8 UNC	Unified Coarse (UNC)	8 TPI	7/8

Sources and Method for 1"-12 UNF

Basic dimensionscomputed

NBS Handbook H28 (1969) Part I §§6-7 (public domain, 17 U.S.C. 105); normative modern reference ASME B1.1; series membership: Series membership: threadlib UIS_thread.csv (BSD-3-Clause); cross-checked against NBS H28 (1969) Part I Table 2.21; clearance holes: ISO 273 (metric) and ASME B18.2.8 (inch) via FreeCAD FeatureHole.cpp (LGPL-2.1+), cross-checked against bd_warehouse clearance_hole_sizes.csv (Apache-2.0)

Verified against NBS H28 (1969) Part I, Table 2.21 (public domain); cross-checked against FreeCAD CAM thread tables (LGPL-2.1+) — 1064 checks passed at 0.0001 in

Computed from the standard's formulas, then checked against published tables.

Tap drill sizescomputed

Machinery's Handbook %-thread formula (geometry-derived); nearest-standard-drill-to-75% rule verified at 36/39 published chart rows in docs/research/data-sourcing.md §3.4

Verified against Wikipedia Unified Thread Standard, preferred cutting tap drill size columns (CC BY-SA 4.0) — 36/39 published UNC+UNF rows reproduced

Computed from the standard's formulas, then checked against published tables.

Class limitscomputed

NBS Handbook H28 (1969) Part I §§6-7 (public domain, 17 U.S.C. 105); normative modern reference ASME B1.1

Verified against NBS H28 (1969) Part I, Table 2.21 (public domain); cross-checked against FreeCAD CAM thread tables (LGPL-2.1+) — 1064 checks passed at 0.0001 in

Computed from the standard's formulas, then checked against published tables.

Formula

Tap drill hole diameter, inch threads

hole Ø  =  D − (%thread ÷ 100) × (1.29904 ÷ n)

  D = basic major diameter (in)
  n = threads per inch

1.29904 = 2 × 0.64952, twice the engaged thread height per side on the 60° Unified profile.

Actual thread engagement of the chosen drill

%thread  =  (D − drill Ø) × n ÷ 1.29904 × 100

The drill column rounds to a real drill; this is the engagement that drill actually leaves.

Tensile stress area, Unified inch threads

At  =  0.7854 × (D − 0.9743 ÷ n)²

ASME B1.1 / NBS H28 form. Reproduces the stored value exactly for this thread.

Assumptions

The headline tap drill assumes 75% thread engagement, the general shop default. Every other engagement from 50% to 85% is in the tap drill table — change the assumption and the number moves.
Tap drill figures are for cut taps. Drill diameters are nominal; a worn or run-out drill cuts oversize and reduces engagement further.
Tapped-hole figures assume a class 2B internal thread, the general-purpose fit.
Dataset scope: Le = 1D for UNC/UNF, 9P for UNEF — determined empirically against H28 Table 2.21, resolving data-sourcing.md open item 5. EXCLUDED: form (roll) tap drills, class 1A/1B limits, class 1AR allowances, constant-pitch UN series.

Data last verified

August 1, 2026

How this data is built and checked →

How to Cite This 1"-12 UNF Reference

Citation

ShopMath. "1"-12 UNF Thread — Dimensions, Tap Drill & Clearance." ShopMath, verified August 1, 2026, https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-12

BibTeX

@misc{shopmath-threads-unf-1-12,
  title        = {1"-12 UNF Thread — Dimensions, Tap Drill & Clearance},
  author       = {{ShopMath}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-12}},
  note         = {Data verified 2026-08-01}
}

Permanent URL

https://shopmath.org/threads/unf/1-12

Common Questions About 1"-12 UNF

What is the tap drill size for 1"-12 UNF?: The tap drill for 1"-12 UNF is 59/64 — 0.9219 in (23.416 mm). That leaves 72.2% thread engagement with a cut tap.
What is the pitch diameter of 1"-12 UNF?: The basic pitch diameter of 1"-12 UNF is 0.9459 in (24.026 mm). For a class 2B thread it runs 0.9459 in (24.026 mm) to 0.9535 in (24.219 mm).
What is the minor diameter of 1"-12 UNF?: The basic minor diameter of 1"-12 UNF is 0.9098 in (23.109 mm). That is the theoretical root of the internal thread, not the drilled hole size — see the tap drill table for the hole to drill.
What is the thread pitch of 1"-12 UNF?: 1"-12 UNF has 12 threads per inch, a pitch of 0.0833 in (2.117 mm).
What size clearance hole does a 1"-12 UNF fastener need?: close fit 1 (1.0315 in (26.200 mm)), normal fit 1 (1.0945 in (27.800 mm)), loose fit 1 (1.1575 in (29.401 mm)). The normal fit is the general-assembly default.
What is the tensile stress area of 1"-12 UNF?: The tensile stress area of 1"-12 UNF is 0.66304 in² (427.77 mm²). Multiply it by the fastener material's allowable stress to get a load.

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